Substitute Teacher Salary: How Much Do They Really Make?
Substitute teachers fill in for regular classroom teachers who are absent due to illness, personal days, or professional development. They follow lesson plans, maintain classroom order, and ensure instructional continuity. Substitute teaching offers flexible work that is essential to keeping schools running smoothly.
Substitute Teacher Salary by Experience Level
Substitute Teacher Salary by State (Top 10)
Substitute Teacher Salary by City (Top 10 Metros)
How to Become a Substitute Teacher
Requirements to become a substitute teacher vary significantly by state and district. Most states require at least a bachelor's degree, though some accept candidates with 60 or more college credits or even a high school diploma for emergency substitute positions. You will also need to pass a background check and may need to complete a substitute teacher training program.
Many states require a substitute teaching permit or license, which involves completing an application, paying a fee, and meeting education requirements. Some states like California require passing the CBEST or a subject matter competency exam. Other states have minimal requirements beyond a background check and basic application.
Some districts offer their own substitute teacher training programs that cover classroom management, lesson plan implementation, student engagement strategies, and school policies. These training programs, when available, can significantly improve your effectiveness and confidence in the classroom.
Substitute teaching can be a stepping stone to a full-time teaching career. Many districts offer long-term substitute positions that allow you to gain extended classroom experience. Some alternative certification programs accept substitute teaching experience as part of their requirements for full teacher certification.
Job Outlook for Substitute Teachers
2% growth — About as fast as averageThe demand for substitute teachers remains steady and consistent, as schools always need coverage when regular teachers are absent. Many districts across the country face chronic substitute teacher shortages, particularly in urban and rural areas, meaning finding work is generally not difficult.
Daily pay rates for substitute teachers vary widely by district and state, ranging from about $80 to $200 per day. Long-term substitute positions often pay more and may include some benefits. Some districts have raised substitute pay significantly in recent years to address shortages.
While substitute teaching does not typically offer benefits or job security, it provides unmatched flexibility. You can choose which days to work, in which schools, and at which grade levels. For those exploring education as a career, substitute teaching provides valuable classroom experience without the long-term commitment.